The paranormal refers to supernatural phenomena that are considered outside of the scope of current scientific explanation. Those in the paranormal field explore everything from ghosts and extra sensory perception to UFOs, reincarnation and psychic abilities.
Psychic, spiritual and magical experiences are usually considered paranormal, but the term can also apply to any events that defy what is known to be real or natural. It is derived from the Greek words para, meaning “above or beyond” and normal, and suggests that something is not within the realm of what has been observed by science or experience. Charles Fort, the best-known collector of paranormal anecdotes, compiled 40,000 notes on strange encounters in his seven books, which were published between 1919 and 1932.
While some scientists, such as Harvard psychology professor William James, defended spiritualism throughout his career, others have taken more skeptical approaches. Nevertheless, even scientific journals like Scientific American have offered a long-standing reward (up to $15,000 at one point) for evidence of paranormal phenomenon and Einstein once attended a seance.
Researchers have used various clever experiments to test a variety of alleged paranormal experiences. For example, in a recent study, students were asked to rate their agreement with statements such as, “I believe it is possible to communicate with the dead,” and “Your soul or mind can leave your body and travel.” Two researchers found that people who had stronger critical thinking skills were less likely to believe in paranormal beliefs.